Perhaps foremost, a present-focused temporal orientation among some AA participants often precluded any consideration of the potential benefits of results that inform risk of future health conditions. Temporal orientation has been reported previously as relevant to genetic test acceptance among AA women [Armstrong et al., 2005; Edwards et al., 2008; Hughes et al., 2003]. When discussing their expectations about the impact of results and preferences for results, AA participants were clearly motivated by expectations that WGS results received would impact the management of their or their family members’ existing health conditions. This was consistent with AAs reported interest in individual medical benefits [Michie et al., 2011]. Yet, in the context of ES/WGS, most results are oriented toward future benefit (e.g., disease risk estimation, family planning, etc.). This misalignment of future benefit and present-oriented expectations is likely to be magnified in the context of offering WGS for return and may contribute to therapeutic misconception about secondary findings [Halverson and Ross, 2012b]. Thus, information about ES/WGS results for late onset conditions must be presented clearly and distinguished from results that inform existing
