defined in DSM-5, in part because the new criteria have not been finalized and in part because of the complexities involved in such an extension of the present study. The relationships we report should be investigated after DSM-5 is finalized to determine if they remain the same using the new criteria. (6) Since we were interested in understanding the specific maltreatment types, we chose to address maltreatments as five binary variables rather than with a summary score of all maltreatment items. Our operational definitions of the five childhood maltreatments were derived from the World Health Organization’s conceptual definitions of childhood maltreatment, and where possible aligned with definitions utilized in secondary analyses of data from the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. Slight differences in our maltreatment definitions and those used in the ACE study (e.g. our threshold for physical abuse was slightly higher and we included an additional emotional abuse item) did not impact the significance of results.
