explore the cross-cultural difference in reports of nicotine withdrawal symptoms, including data obtained from U.S. and Australian smokers. Modification of the assessment of nicotine withdrawal-related nervousness to include both “nervous” and “anxious” may lead to higher endorsement rates, as our current assessment only included nervousness. It may be the case that “nervousness” in a sample of Australian smokers may be perceived as situation specific or may reflect outcome-related anticipatory anxiety (e.g., nervous about not being able to quit smoking).
