All variables were assessed with the NIAAA Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-DSM-IV (AUDADIS-IV), 30, 31 a computer-assisted interview with builtin skip, logic, and consistency checks designed for lay interviewers. Detailed withdrawal symptom information was obtained in the DSM-IV substance dependence module. Reliability and validity (including psychiatrist reappraisals) of substance dependence diagnoses and symptom items was good to excellent in U.S. and international clinical and general population studies. 30–35
