the genes in this pathway were increased in expression (Tables 4, 5). This suggests increased energy utilization in the mPFC. Many of the oxidative phosphorylation genes are downstream of both Igf1r and Vegfa, and their downstream targets show increased expression (Supplemental Table 3). Vegfa is itself downstream of many of the transcription factors and receptors that appear to be activated in the mPFC, including Ppargc1a, which is sensitive to energy needs (Finck & Kelly, 2006). Vegfa is also downstream of Atf4, involved in the cellular stress response. The increase in oxidative phosphorylation in the mPFC was not seen in the vHip (Table 3), nor in prior studies of the DRN (McClintick et al., 2015) and the PAG (McClintick et al., 2016).
