both consolidation and expression of morphine CPP.126 These results indicate that PKA acts within specific brain regions that mediate drug reward to help mediate acquisition, consolidation, and expression of drug-induced CPP. Acquisition of amphetamine CPP is also decreased by co-injection of the PKA activator Sp-cAMPS into the NAc during conditioning. PKA activation in the NAc that is unrelated to ongoing DA transmission can also disrupt drug reward learning.124,128