identified in any of the contributing univariate GWASs (Table 1, Supplementary Table 5). Of these 27 loci, five loci were identified as either genome-wide significant or suggestive of significance (p < 1 × 10−5) in a separate, previously published GWAS of one of the five traits. 118 loci were genome-wide significant for neuroticism, with 38 loci not identified in the univariate item-level GWASs (Supplementary Table 6; Figure 1b, Figure 2b). Plots of item-level effects for individual SNPs revealed high consistency in magnitude and direction for SNPs identified as genome-wide significant for the common factors (Supplementary Figure 11). Although there is early lift-off in the QQ-plots for both common factors, LDSC analyses of the summary statistics produced by Genomic SEM indicated that results were not due to uncontrolled inflation for either the p-factor (intercept = .987, SE = .014) or neuroticism (intercept = .997, SE = .001).
