positive affect in any of the three studies. Ethnicity was not associated with parenting and positive affect in Studies 1 and 2, but showed a significant association with positive affect in study 3 (F (1 1368)=10.96, P<0.001). Given sex and ethnic differences found in (part of) the parenting and positive affect measures and potential concerns about population stratification, both sex and ethnicity were controlled for in analyses.
