seen with nuclear transfers to Xenopus oocytes (first meiotic prophase), when judged by pluripotency gene activation from transplanted nuclei. For example, the absolute number of Sox2 pluripotency gene transcripts synthesised per transplanted nucleus per day goes from 7200 for differentiated ES cells to 160 for thymus, a decrease of 40-fold (Figure 2c) [5]. A similar decrease is seen for Oct4 transcripts.