Tight control of blood glucose levels is crucial, since a fall in blood glucose can cause metabolic dysfunction, brain dysfunction, seizures, coma, and death. A persistent elevation in blood glucose leads to glucose toxicity, since hyperglycemia induces tissue damage through mitochondrial superoxide production which contributes to β-cell dysfunction and micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes such as neuropathies and vasculopathies [16, 17].
