Beyond these most common methods, local ancestry tracts in admixed population samples can be leveraged to estimate heritability (Zaitlen et al., 2014) and both genetic-effect and genetic-impact correlations of observed variants can be estimated using Popcorn (Brown et al., 2016) if LD information is available and the two populations are relatively homogeneous. Recent studies estimating cross-ancestry genetic effect correlations have found moderate to high correlations for most phenotypes (Bigdeli et al., 2017; Brick et al., 2019; Lam et al., 2018). The extent to which these cross-ancestry genetic correlations reflect consistent effects at any particular locus remains a question for fine mapping analyses.
