The ADH1B*3 allele had a significant protective effect on risk for alcoholism in a set of African-American families selected for having multiple alcoholic members (Edenberg et al. 2006). However, the allele was not found among similar European-American families. The ADH1B*3 allele also had a protective effect among Southwest California Indians (Wall et al. 2003). Finally, the ADH1B*3 allele is associated with protection against fetal alcohol syndrome (Hurley et al. 2002; Warren and Li 2005).
