There is less evidence for the association between BMI and the remaining three traits. Among Japanese participants, overweight groups scored lower on Extraversion (Kakizaki et al., 2008), whereas no association was found among Italians (Terracciano et al., 2009) or Americans (Chapman et al., 2009). Some have found this negative association between Extraversion and BMI among women, but the opposite among men (Faith, Flint, Fairburn, Goodwin, & Allison, 2001). Among men, higher Agreeableness has been associated with higher BMI (Chapman et al., 2009), but others have found the opposite (Brummett et al., 2006). Studies that have included a measure of Openness have either found a negative (Brummett et al., 2006) or no (Chapman et al., 2009; Terracciano et al., 2009) relation with BMI.
