et al., 2007). Such changes in the biochemical status of discrete brain regions are reinforced by findings of correlations with performance on various behavioral tasks. For example, low NAA in the cerebellar vermis was related to poor performance on tasks of visuospatial learning and memory (Durazzo et al., 2004). In another study, an increase in NAA/tCr with continued abstinence for approximately one month was related to improved performance on the auditory-verbal-learning test (Bendszus et al., 2001). These selective relations demonstrate the functional impact of metabolites changes in these nodes of the frontocerebellar circuitry.