Disparities in externalizing disorders are also consistently found in the literature. Sexual minority youth have higher rates of externalizing behaviors, including alcohol, tobacco use, and poly-substance use (Garofalo, Wolf, Kessel, Palfrey, & DuRant, 1998; Russell, Driscoll, & Truong, 2002; Ziyadeh et al., 2007), compared to heterosexuals. These disparities persist among young adults (Eisenberg & Wechsler, 2003; Hatzenbuehler, Corbin, & Fromme, 2008a) as well as adults in general (Burgard, Cochran & Mays, 2005; Cochran, Keenan, Schober, & Mays, 2000; Drabble, Midanik, & Trocki, 2005).
