The Study of Addiction: Genes and Environment (SAGE) is part of the Gene Environment Association Studies initiative of the National Human Genome Research Institute to identify genetic contributions to addiction through large-scale genome-wide association studies. The entire SAGE sample consists of 4,121 cases and unrelated controls from subsets of three large studies on addiction: the Family Study of Cocaine Dependence (FSCD), the Collaborative Genetic Study of Nicotine Dependence (COGEND), and COGA. All cases in SAGE have a DSM-IV lifetime diagnosis of AD. Controls were exposed to alcohol. Some controls met criteria for nicotine dependence based on the Fagerström Test for nicotine dependence, but none met criteria for a DSM-IV lifetime dependence diagnosis for alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, opiates or other drug. Genotyping for the SAGE GWAS sample was completed using the Illumina Human 1M DNA Analysis BeadChip. The institutional review boards at all participating sites granted approval for data collection in COGA, COGEND and FSCD in the SAGE sample. Additional details on the SAGE GWAS sample can be found in Bierut et al. (2010).
