of dysfunctional suppression of craving. This may be confirmed with the results of our previous studies, which reported a reduction in this abnormal pgACC activity following rTMS targeting the dACC, leading to suppression of craving7. Additionally, hyperactivation in pgACC among heavy drinking college students may underlie greater attention and motivation for alcohol34, indicating that this region can predict relapse and thus is strongly related to craving7,35,36. The increases in BOLD signal and gamma activity in OFC may be characteristic of the paradoxical reward associated with salience and the integration of information from subcortical limbic regions to make reward-based decisions32,37.
