has thus been attended by progressive astrocytic complexity, which may in turn have contributed to the increased rate and efficiency of information processing in the primate brain. As such, do the unique capabilities of the human brain thereby reflect the evolution of human-specific astrocytic or glial progenitor functions? Is glial specialization the basis for human cognitive evolution? The high degree of human glial chimerization of these brains should permit us to address these questions, by rigorously evaluating the in vivo contributions of both human astrocytes and their progenitor cells to neural network activity, and hence their respective roles in human cognition.
