on EUR-specific SNP regression coefficients (and associated p-values), given the possibility that the latter might be more predictive of outcome in the European ALSPAC sample. In R (v3.2.3), we tested whether GPS were associated with alcohol outcomes (Consumption, Problems, or Maxdrinks), controlling for sex, using linear regression. Our analytic goal was to test for association rather than to try to predict outcome, given the sample sizes and expected genetic effect sizes (Dudbridge, 2013).