To assess the influence of marriage/parenthood on the association between changes in problematic alcohol involvement and personality, an overall marriage/parenthood variable was constructed so that participants who were married (and never divorced) and/or reported they had children at the fifth, sixth, or seventh assessment period were scored as a 1 and participants who were not married across these assessment periods or reported they were divorced at any of these assessment periods and did not report having children at any assessment period were scored a 0.4
