The Family Study of Cocaine Dependence (FSCD) was initiated in 2000 with the primary goal of increasing understanding of the familial and non-familial antecedents and consequences of stimulant use disorder(36). Individuals with cocaine dependence defined by DSM-IV criteria were systematically recruited from chemical dependency treatment units in the greater St. Louis metropolitan area. Community-based control participants were identified and matched by age, race, gender, and residential zip code.