20, we found only 1 event that reoccurred in our samples: 2 Aberdeen cases had a 664 kb duplication at chr2:48625109–49290093. In a fourth study, Stone et al. (also using the Aberdeen cohort, genotyped with a different platform) reported the presence of duplications in the NOTCH1 and PAK7 genes in cases only [22]. We did not find any duplications in NOTCH1, however we found one deletion in an Aberdeen sample and three deletions in cases from the US cohort, and none in controls. We also found one duplication in PAK7 in a US case, and none in controls. Finally, a small study using genome-wide SNP discovery on 54 patients with deficit schizophrenia found and validated four rare schizophrenia-associated CNVs [44], two deletion affecting NRXN1 (see above), and ASTN2, and two duplications affecting 4 and 7 genes respectively, at 2p16.3 and 5p15.2. In ASTN2 we saw three very small deletions in Munich cases and two small deletions in a Munich and an Aberdeen control. In the 2p16.3 region (chr2:859,616–1,826,716), we found a 441 kb deletion in a Munich case, and two large duplications in a control (250 kb and 237 kb), from 836164–1086540 and 1589418–1826014. This indicates that rare duplications in
