We observed significant associations of parental AUD with all but one transition, with increased hazards ranging from about 16-28%, broadly in line with other estimates reported in the literature (e.g. Grant et al, 2015; Trim et al, 2010; Sartor et al 2007; King & Chassin, 2007). In addition, our analyses extended the literature by estimation of separate effects for AUD in mothers-only, in fathers-only, and in both parents, distinctions made possible by the ample number of offspring from COGA families in which only mothers were affected. Other high risk family studies of AUD have been selected primarily on the basis of affected fathers (e.g., Wong et al, 1999; Jacob et al 2004; Calvert et al 2010), with maternal AUD not excluded but also not serving as a selection criterion. In the few studies based exclusively on affected mothers (e.g. Hill et al 2011; Bidaut-Russell et al 1994) or on either affected mothers or fathers (Chassin et al 1993; Lieb et al 2002), evidence suggested relationships of maternal AUD with offspring AUD involvement, but often was not definitive owing to small
