Participants were 1,726 alcohol dependent patients comprised of 774 patients recruited following a residential treatment (aftercare sample) and 952 patients recruited without prior residential treatment (outpatient sample). Patients were on average 40 years old, 20.5% female, 34.8% married and 49.3% employed full-time. Of the aftercare patients, 80.5% were White, 14.8% were Hispanic, 3.5% were black and 1.2% were of another ethnicity. Of the outpatients, 79.8% were white, 5.6% were Hispanic, 12.3% were black and 2.2% were of another ethnicity. Overall, outpatients were significantly younger, more residentially stable, and less dependent on alcohol than the aftercare patients (Goodman et al., 1992; Timko et al., 1993). A smaller proportion of outpatients (45%) than aftercare patients (62%) reported prior AUD treatment. The majority of patients in each arm (95% outpatient, 98% aftercare) met criteria for dependence as opposed to abuse using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (Spitzer and Williams, 1985).
