Chunk #27 — Epigenetics-Relevant Consequences of Oxidative Alcohol Metabolism — Increases in NADH/NAD+ Ratio and Their Consequences — Modulation of Gene Expression
Conversely, metabolic reactions and the resulting redox state of cells have been shown to play an important role in the function of the circadian rhythm. For example, the intracellular NADH/NAD+ ratio, through the sensor SIRT1, influences BMAL1 and CLOCK in both central and peripheral clocks. In addition, AMP levels in the cell regulate the circadian clock by activating AMPK through inhibiting AMPK dephosphorylation (Um et al. 2011). Thus, whereas the central clock is regulated by an environmental cue to the SCN (i.e., light sensed by the retina), cellular metabolites influence the peripheral clocks, which are also entrained by the central clock.
