At T1, mothers, fathers and adolescents reported (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree) on adolescents’ impulsivity using the 23-item Junior Eysenck Impulsiveness Questionnaire [56]. Items included, “I often buy things on impulse,” and “I often get involved in things I later wish I could get out of.” At T1, mothers, fathers, and adolescents reported (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree) on adolescents’ sensation seeking using six items adapted from Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale [57]. Items included, “I like wild parties,” and “I like to have new and exciting experiences, even if they are a little unconventional.” For adolescent-, mother- and father-reported impulsivity, α's = 0.86, 0.91, and 0.91. For adolescent-, mother- and father-reported sensation seeking, α's = 0.63, 0.76, and 0.61. See Table 1 for descriptive data. To reduce the data, a two-factor model of impulsivity and sensation seeking was estimated using maximum likelihood estimation with robust standard errors (MLR) and full information maximum likelihood (FIML) to estimate missing data. Mother-, father-, and adolescent-reported impulsivity loaded on an impulsivity factor and mother-, father-, and adolescent-reported sensation
