over the last five years (Figure 1, Supplementary Figure 1). While it may be challenging or in some cases infeasible to acquire sample sizes large enough for PRS to be equally informative in all populations, some much-needed efforts towards increasing diversity in genomics that support open sharing of GWAS summary data from multiple ancestries are underway. Examples include the All of Us Research Program, the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) Consortium, as well as some disease-focused consortia, such as the T2D-genes and Stanley Global initiatives on the genetics of type II diabetes and psychiatric disorders, respectively. Supporting data resources such as imputation panels, multi-ethnic genotyping arrays, gene expression datasets from genetically diverse individuals, and other tools are necessary to similarly empower these diverse studies for all populations. The lack of supporting resources for diverse ancestries creates financial challenges for association studies with limited resources, e.g. raising questions about whether to genotype samples on GWAS arrays that may favor European allele frequencies versus sequence samples, and how dense of an array to choose or how deeply to sequence71,72.
