obesity, and cancer, and, therefore, are considered as important targets for therapeutic drug development46. RXRs (Retinoic X Receptor) are known to potentially regulate the ethanol metabolizing enzymes after chronic alcohol consumption47. It has been reported that the human aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) promoter contains a retinoid response element, which might be contributing to the regulation of the gene47. Sirtuins signaling has been shown to play an important role in cocaine and morphine Action in the Nucleus Accumbens. Ferguson and colleagues48 demonstrated that systemic administration of a nonselective pharmacological activator of all sirtuins can increase the cocaine reward.
