The low-activity MAOA gene (blue) was associated with increased aggression in the low to moderate range on the Trauma Exposure index. With Trauma Exposure Scores greater than this, genotype made no difference in children’s aggression scores (A). In predicting rule-breaking scores, only the Trauma Exposure Index was a significant predictor of children’s scores, with greater adversity associated with more rule-breaking behavior, regardless of genotype (B). There was a main effect for genotype and a G×E interaction in predicting children’s inattention scores. Overall, higher inattention scores were associated with the low-activity version ofthe MAOA gene. At low to moderate levels of Trauma Exposure, higher inattention scores were associated with the low-activity version of the gene. At the most extreme level of Trauma Exposure, both genotypes were associated with high inattention scores, with the greatest scores observed in children with the high-activity MAOA gene (C). Analyses were conducted using the continuous Trauma Exposure scale. For illustrative purposes, children were grouped into low (N = 30), moderate (n = 14), severe (N = 42), and extreme (N = 28) categories, but analyses were conducted using the full TTES range of scores (0–9).
