Chunk #22 — I. Introduction

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Molecular genetics of addiction and related heritable phenotypes: genome-wide association approaches identify "connectivity constellation" and drug target genes with pleiotropic effects.

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There in only a modest amount of family data that allows us to compare concordance in first vs second degree relatives. However, the existing evidence does not support less concordance in second degree relatives than we would anticipate based on the observed concordance in first degree relatives and the assumption that most risk alleles produce largely independent effects [91].