medical or mental health problems (“continued drinking despite psychological problems” or “Continued drinking despite physical health problem”). These symptom grouping were used previously to identify genetic loci that confer risk to alcohol dependence in a Native American population (Ehlers et al., 2004). The follow-up and exploratory analyses were considered exploratory and descriptive in nature, LOD scores were only provided as a measure of magnitude and were not used to determine significance. Because the current sample was selected for alcohol dependence, it should be noted that prevalence rates for the alcohol dependence diagnoses and respective symptoms in the unselected control sample were estimated and included in the tested models to correct for ascertainment bias when calculating h2 and linkage.
