In children and adolescents, all compounds were superior to placebo on the CGI-I scale, except for clonidine (OR 2·78, 95% CI 0·91–8·53). In adults, amphetamines (4·86, 3·30–7·17), bupropion (3·43, 1·45–8·14), and methylphenidate (3·08, 2·04–4·65) were superior to placebo on the CGI-I scale (appendix p 476).