Evidence also supports the predisposition, pathoplasticity, and consequences models. Rudolph & Klein (2009) reported that youth with elevated levels of depressive personality traits experienced a significant increase in depressive symptoms 12 months later. While consistent with the precursor model, it is noteworthy that this association was moderated by pubertal status and timing. Thus, youth with elevated levels of depressive personality traits and more advanced pubertal status and earlier pubertal timing experienced the greatest increase in depressive symptoms. This supports the predisposition model, suggesting that depressive personality traits confer vulnerability to depression in the presence of other maturational and psychosocial processes.
