relative’s residence, small group babysitter, group daycare, preschool, neighbors/friends, or other. Times were scored on a 5-point scale ranging from 0=“not in this type of care” to 4=“major care, more than 20 hours per week.” Childcare scores were summed across the types of care within age range. Childcare scores from the different ages were standardized with a z-score before averaging across time frames. For coding reliability, see Bates et al. (1994).
