stressed mice for either 20 min or 1 h, or for 1 h per day for 10 consecutive days. Chronically stressed mice gained significantly less weight over the 10-day restraint protocol than control mice (control 4.4 ± 0.4g N = 8 vs stress −0.1 ± 0.3 N = 12; p < 0.0001 by t-test). On the last day of restraint exposure (day 1 for acute stress and day 10 for chronic stress), separate groups of mice were killed either 20 or 60 min into the restraint session. In each experiment (acute and chronic restraint exposure) two separate cohorts of mice were used for these two time points with corresponding control groups. Each stress group was normalized to its respective control groups, which were then combined for statistical analysis.
