The second portion of the RSQ includes 57 items assessing how often the child engaged in or enacted specific coping responses in the past 6 months. A five-factor model on the ways in which youths cope with and respond to stress has been established and supported by confirmatory factor analyses across diverse samples of adolescents reporting on a wide range of stressors (e.g., Benson et al. 2011; Compas et al. 2006; Connor-Smith et al. 2000; Wadsworth et al. 2004; Yao et al. 2010). The five factors include three coping factors and two stress reactivity factors. The present study focuses on the three coping factors: primary control coping (i.e., problem solving, emotional expression, emotional modulation), secondary control coping (i.e., cognitive restructuring, positive thinking, acceptance, distraction), and disengagement coping (i.e., avoidance, denial, wishful thinking). Proportion scores were used to control for response bias and individual differences in base rates of item endorsement. Proportion scores are calculated by taking the total score for a factor and dividing by the RSQ total score (e.g., Osowiecki and Compas 1999; Vitaliano et al. 1987). Internal consistencies
