Three case-control cohorts and one family-based cohort from Europe and North America including 4,819 cases and 9,488 controls of European ancestry were meta-analyzed to identify one locus associated with Tourette Syndrome. All cases met DSM-IV-TR or DSM-5 criteria for Tourette syndrome, except for 12 cases who met DSM-5 criteria for chronic motor or vocal tic disorder. All cases were recruited by Tourette syndrome specialty clinics or by email/online recruitment combined with validated, web-based phenotypic assessments.
