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Chunk #10 — MATERIALS AND METHODS — Marker selection

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Association of OPRD1 polymorphisms with heroin dependence in a large case-control series.
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The pair-wise option of Tagger (de Bakker et al. 2005), implemented in Haploview (Barrett et al. 2005), was applied to HapMap European ancestry panel data using a threshold of r2≥0.8 for most genes and a higher threshold (≥0.9) for high priority candidates (e.g., opioid receptors) to select a custom set of 1536 SNPs that provided coverage of 72 candidate genes and 47 additional SNPs for which prior studies reported association. A set of 30 ancestry-informative markers (AIMs) distributed physically across the genome was selected from SNPs for which the greatest allele frequency differences were found between populations with European and East Asian ancestry in Hapmap2 data for use in principal components analyses. As summarized above, because SNPs from opioid receptor genes are obvious first-pass candidates, we prioritized examining these SNPs in the first stage of a two stage analytic process (the remaining SNPs will be analyzed in stage two). Data are thus reported here for the 142 SNPs genotyped in the opioid receptor genes: OPRM1, OPRD1, and OPRK1 (for details, see Table 1, Supplementary Tables 1 and 2). We provide