Written informed consent from the primary caregiver and verbal assent from the child were obtained prior to data collection. Face-to-face interviews were conducted annually in participants’ homes, separately for the girl and her primary caregiver (94% mothers), by highly trained research staff. The protocol for maintaining confidentiality was explained to all participants, and the girls were reminded throughout the interview that their information would not be shared. The University of Pittsburgh’s Human Research Protection Office approved the protocol. Respondents were compensated for study participation.
