The PLV-MI-Cohen approach assumes that if PAC is present, the envelope of fa should oscillate at the frequency corresponding to fp. The phase of fa envelope can be obtained by applying the Hilbert transform (angle): ϕfa. The coupling between the low-frequency ϕfp phase values and the phase of the amplitude envelope, ϕfa, can be quantified by calculating a phase locking value (PLV), in much the same way as determining phase synchronization between electrophysiological signals.
