Qiagen Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was performed using the 1,670 differentially expressed genes. IPA Pathway analysis showed 143 pathways with FDR ≤ 0.05 (Supplemental Table 2). Many of these pathways were not independent: 23 genes (mostly kinases and other signaling molecules) were found in between 25 and 87 of the pathways, and 119 of the pathways contained at least 5 of these genes. There is a cluster of PI3 kinases (Pik3r2, Pik3r3 and Pik3c2g) that are found in 86–87 of the pathways. Three protein kinase C genes (Prkcd, Prkcg and Prkar2b) are found in 42–58 pathways, some overlapping with the PI3 kinase-containing pathways. Other groups of genes with disproportionate impact are adenylate cyclases (Adcy1, Adcy10, Adcy7) and G protein subunits that can be coupled to many different G-protein coupled receptors (Gng7, Gnb3, Gng13, Gnas).
