The sample for the current study was drawn from a sample of 180 families with 242 children (121 boys, 121 girls) ages of 9–15 years from the area in and around two cities in southeastern and northeastern U.S. Parents met criteria for at least one episode of MDD during the lifetime of their child(ren) and met the following criteria: (a) parent had no history of bipolar I, schizophrenia, or schizoaffective disorders and did not meet current criteria for alcohol or substance use; (b) children had no history of autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disability, bipolar I disorder, or schizophrenia; and (c) children did not currently meet criteria for MDD, conduct disorder or substance/alcohol abuse. One child was randomly selected from each multiple-child family for analyses to address the possible non-independence of children within the same family. The final sample included 180 parents (88.9 % female; Mage = 41.96) and 180 children (49.4 % female; Mage = 11.46, SD = 2.00). Of the parents and children, 82.2 % were Caucasian, 11.7 % African American, 2.2 % Hispanic, 1.1 % Asian, 0.6 %
