Ethanol can increase PKA activity acutely by inhibiting adenosine reuptake through the type I equilibrative nucleotide transporter, which increases extracellular adenosine levels, activates Golf-coupled adenosine A2a receptors, stimulates adenylyl cyclase, and increases levels of cAMP.98,99 This process leads to nuclear translocation of the PKA catalytic subunit in NG108-15 neuroblastoma × glioma cells in vitro.100 By contrast, chronic ethanol treatment in rats increases PKA activity in the cerebral cortex of rats.101
