Figure 3 shows the results of the DIF analyses for the severity parameters. Two dependence (Tolerance, Larger/Longer) and one abuse item (Neglect Roles) displayed significant DIF across groups. After controlling for overall mean differences in severity, both Tolerance (χ2 = 19.68, p < .001) and Larger/Longer (χ2 = 18.70, p < .001) indicated significantly greater severity of AUDs in the clinical sample; the abuse item Neglect Roles indicated significantly lower severity of AUDs in the clinical sample (χ2 = 6.80, p = .03). The DIF effect for this item was small and unlikely of great practical significance.
