Measures of the five traits are only modestly correlated; the traits do not load on an overall “impulsivity” factor; and the traits have different external correlates (Smith et al., 2007). The urgency traits appear to relate to problem levels of involvement in risky behaviors, sensation seeking appears to relate to the frequency of engaging in risky behaviors, lack of planning relates to some problem behaviors but not others, and lack of perseverance relates to school performance (Cyders, Flory, Rainer, & Smith, 2009; Cyders & Smith, 2008a, 2008b; Fischer & Smith, 2008; Fischer, Smith, Annus, & Hendricks, 2007; Fischer et al., 2008; Miller, Flory, Lynam, & Leukefeld, 2003; Smith et al., 2007; Whiteside & Lynam, 2003; Whiteside et al., 2005). These different patterns of correlates are consistent with theory (Fischer, Smith, Spillane, & Cyders, 2005). In addition, different interventions are likely to be effective for different ones of the traits (perhaps distress tolerance for the urgency traits and safe, alternative ways to seek sensations for sensation seeking; Cyders & Smith, 2008b; Fischer & Smith, 2008; Palmgreen & Donohew, 2003). These advances
