responds to the inputs from the upstream layer, irrespective of whether neurons in the upstream layer are strongly connected or not (Abeles, 1991). Naturally, if the transiently formed assembly members are interconnected anatomically, their co-activation can strengthen their membership and facilitate their future joint recurrence.6 Therefore, while the reader-centric definition of a cell assembly incorporates key features of Hebb’s definition it also provides a functional meaning.7