While there were notable overlapping gene networks, the pathway analysis also identified more distinct disorder-specific processes. For example, processes related to actin cytoskeleton organization and tumor necrosis factor were preferentially enriched in ID. Ubiquitin processes were highly associated with schizophrenia. Category B CNVs have the ability to pinpoint individual genes and taken as a group, these genes were enriched for processes related to synapse/postsynaptic density and enriched in autism and schizophrenia relative to ID. Caution would be warranted in interpreting these studies of Catergory B CNVs if the studies reviewed had chosen these as candidate genes based on function; however, each of the Category B genes found in this study has been identified at some point in genome-wide studies. Category C also identified synaptic processes, however, not to the degree of Category B. Notably, Category A (those CNVs with stereotyped intervals) identified the Ras signaling pathway as an enriched gene class. Indeed, the genes involved in a number of well-known monogenic ID syndromes, such as Tuberous sclerosis, the diverse syndromes resulting from PTEN mutations and others, are well known to
