the National Institute of Mental Health (USA), followed children and adolescents from 5 to 18 years of age (Wallace et al. 2006; Lenroot et al. 2009; Ordaz et al. 2010). In these youth, heritability of global brain and intracranial volumes were similar to those reported in adults. Heritability of total gray matter was lower in neonates (56%) compared to 5–18 year old children (~77–85%)(Wallace et al. 2006; Giedd et al. 2007; Peper et al. 2008) and adults (82%)(Baare et al. 2001). Heritability of total white matter volume in neonates (85%) was similar to that in 5–18 year old children (85%) (Peper et al. 2008; Wallace et al. 2006) and in adults (87%)(Baare et al. 2001). However, within the age range from 5 to 18 years, heritability of total gray matter decreased with age, while that of total white matter increased with age (Wallace et al. 2006; Giedd et al. 2007). Cerebellar volumes showed increasing heritability with age, from low (17%) in neonates to moderate (49%) in children (Wallace et al. 2006) and high (>60%) in adults (Wright et al. 2002). In contrast, lateral ventricle volumes showed a higher heritability (71%) in neonates (Gilmore et al. 2010) than in children (~30–35%)(Wallace
