The collection of data on special occasion binge drinkers is a unique feature of this study. In addition to the implications of a special occasion question in the measurement of PAE, this finding is also of clinical relevance. Our data suggest that if maternity care professionals ask women about special occasion drinking, they may reveal important information on alcohol consumption, which may otherwise remain undisclosed. This information will allow the clinician to discuss the risks of alcohol in pregnancy and provide additional opportunities for referral.