from the extracellular matrix so that it can act in axon guidance and promote cell migration, (Esselens et al., 2010). Neuropilin 2 is a receptor for semaphorin 3F (which is expressed in the hippocampus) and functions similarly to the plexins. These results suggest that adolescent binge drinking has retarded the formation of normal synapsis within the vHip; if this persisted into adulthood it would seriously impair the normal functioning of this region.